Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
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Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection
Naga Project, Sudan, Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection
Since excavations by the Egyptian Museum, Berlin began in Naga on 5 February 1995, archaeological work in the steppes of Northern Sudan is being carried out in the form of annual campaigns, each approximately 12 weeks in length, undertaken in the months January to March as well as in November. The excavations have been made possible by support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Society for the Promotion of the Egyptian Museum Berlin, in close cooperation with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, the Sudanese Embassy in Berlin and the German Embassy in Khartoum. The Foundation of Prussian Cultural Heritage has strengthened the project's long-term prospects by adding field research to one of its research staff's areas of responsibility (Karla Kroeper).
The Berlin Naga project has evolved into a very successful venture which is now not only highly regarded by the scientific community, but also by the Sudanese and international media. An initial assessment of its achievements so far was presented in a small temporary exhibition which went on show in 1998 and 1999 in Bonn, Ingolstadt and Hanover and the publications accompanying this exhibition made Naga known to a wider public. The first results of the excavations were able to be incorporated into the special exhibition entitled 'Sudan - Ancient Kingdom on the Nile', which was orchestrated by the Egyptian Museum, Berlin and went on show in six European cities between 1996 and 1998. On the back of this exhibition, the Naga project managed to incorporate the art and culture of ancient Sudan, and the Kingdom of Meroë in particular, into the broader historical picture of the ancient world. From 300 BC to 350 AD, the Kingdom of Meroë was Egypt's powerful southerly neighbour during the Ptolemaic and Roman eras.
Naga presents itself as a city which was not destroyed after its demise; a city which holds the promise of intact finds which have surrendered themselves to natural forces of decay. The diverse finds in the Amun Temple lead us to believe that further significant finds will also be brought to light in the excavation of the secular buildings in the area of the town. Following the conclusions of the surface survey, these excavations are due to begin at the sites of certain structures.
The stele finds bearing the name of Queen Amanishakheto have thrown up a new set of questions concerning the history of the Meroitic Kingdom at the time around the start of the Common Era.
For art historical purposes, the finds of statues are just as valuable as those of stelae, in that they serve as fixed points by which to date similar works whose context are not known to us. The Naga figures are a welcome addition to the short list of Meroitic sculptures with definite dates attributed to them. The high quality of the reliefs on the altar in 104 and on the stelae poses the question as to the mutual relationship between Meroitic and Egyptian art at this time.
Publications
Bibliography of Naga
- Kroeper, Karla, The Egyptian Museum Berlin - Naqa Project 1995-1996, 1996, in: I. Welsby-Sjöström (Ed.), Eighth International Conference for Meroitic Studies. Preprints of the main papers and abstracts, London
- Wildung, Dietrich, Sudan. Antike Königreiche am Nil, 1996, Katalog Ausstellung München 1996, Tübingen
- Wildung, Dietrich, Die Stadt in der Steppe. Das Ägyptische Museum Berlin gräbt im Sudan, 1996, Museumsjournal 10.III, Jahrgang, Juli 1996
- Wildung, Dietrich, Bedeutendster Einzelfund bei den Ausgrabungen des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin in Naga, 1996, 1996, April, Kemet 5
- Wildung, Dietrich, Zur Grabung des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin in Naga, 1996, April, Kemet 5.2
- Kroeper, Karla, The Rediscovery of the Kushite Site at Naqa, 1822 to 1996, 1996, Juni, SARS Newsletter 10
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga - eine Stadt im Königreich von Meroe: Zur Grabung des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin, 1996, 1996, Oktober Kemet 5
- Wildung, Dietrich, Sudan. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile 1997, Katalog, Ausstellung Institut du monde arabe, Paris, Paris-New York
- Wildung, Dietrich, Die Stadt in der Steppe. Berliner Ausgrabungen in Naga/Nordsudan, 1997/98, Nürnberger Blätter zur Archäologie 14
- Kroeper, Karla und Lech Krzyzaniak, Naga Project (Sudan) - Egyptian Museum Berlin. The Amun Temple Complex. Preliminary Report, Seasons 1 and 2, 1998, Archéologie du Nil Moyen 8
- Wildung, Dietrich, Einfallstor in den Süden. Die Stadt in der Steppe - Grabungen des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin im Sudan, 1998 Antike Welt, 29.2
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga Project (Sudan) - Egyptian Museum Berlin. Preliminary Report 1995-1996, Seasons 1 and 2, 1998, Archéologie du Nil Moyen 8
- Wildung, Dietrich, The Naga Project of the Egyptian Museum Berlin, 1998 in: 9th Int. Conf. Nubian Studies, Boston 1998. Abstracts
- Wildung, Dietrich, Die Pharaonen des Goldlandes. Antike Königreiche im Sudan, 1998, Katalog Ausstellung Reiss-Museum Mannheim 1998, Mannheim
- Wildung, Dietrich, Nubien: Goldland am Nil, 1998, Vernissage. Die Zeitschrift zur Ausstellung 6/1998, 6. Jahrgang 23, Mannheim
- Wildung, Dietrich, Im Allerheiligsten, 1999, aMun, 1. Jahrgang, Heft 1
- Wildung, Dietrich, Neues aus Naga, 1999, aMun, 1. Jahrgang, Heft 2
- Wildung, Dietrich, Die Stadt in der Steppe. Grabungen des Ägyptischen Museums Berlin in Naga - Sudan, 1999, Katalog Ausstellung Ingolstadt, Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga, die Stadt in der Steppe. Grabungen des Ägyptischen Museums im Sudan, Vorbericht 1, 2000, Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen 1999, NF 41
- Wildung, Dietrich, Wiedergeburt eines Tempels. Naga 2000, 2000, Juli aMun, 2. Jahrgang, Heft 6
- Wildung, Dietrich, Die Stadt der Löwen. Die Grabungskampagne 2001 in Naga, 2001, aMun, 3. Jahrgang, Heft 10
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga News Februar 2001, 2001 aMun, 3. Jahrgang, Heft 9
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga - Ausgrabungen einer antiken Stadt in der sudanesischen Steppe, 2001, Jahrbuch Preußischer Kulturbesitz 37
- Kroeper, Karla und Dietrich Wildung, Naga Project (Sudan) - Egyptian Museum Berlin. Preliminary Report 1997 and 1998, Seasons 3 and 4, 2002, Archéologie du Nil Moyen 9
- Wildung, Dietrich, Wieder daheim in Naga, 2002, aMun 4. Jahrgang, Heft Nr. 13
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga News. Grabungskampagne 2002, 2002, aMun 4. Jahrgang, Heft Nr. 14
- Wildung, Dietrich, Zwischen Ägypten und Afrika 2002, MuseumsJournal, 16.III, Juli 2002
- Kroeper, Karla und Dietrich Wildung, The Naga Project, Egyptian Museum Berlin, 2003, Kush XVIII. 1998-2002
- Wildung, Dietrich, 56 neue Götterbilder, 2003, aMun, 5. Jahrgang, Heft 18
- Wildung, Dietrich, Am Ende der hellenistischen Welt, Der römische Kiosk in Naga, 2003, aMun, 5. Jahrgang, Heft 18
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga - The City in the Savannah, 2003, In: Kat. Common Aims. Sudanese-German co-operation in archaeology, National Museum Khartoum
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga, die Stadt in der Steppe. Grabungen des Ägyptischen Museums im Sudan, Vorbericht II. Statuen aus dem Amun-Tempel, 2003 Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen 2001, NF 43
- Wildung, Dietrich, Vielfalt der Stile. Antike Skulpturen aus den Grabungen des Ägyptischen Museums in Naga, Sudan 2003, MuseumsJournal 17.IV, Oktober 2003
- Wildung, Dietrich und Karla Kroeper (Eds.), Common Aims. Sudanese German co-operation in archaeology, 2003, Katalog: Ausstellung National Museum Khartoum
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga 2004/1, 2004, aMun, 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 21
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga 2004/2. Reichbelohnte Pflichtübung: die Grabungskampagne 2004 in Naga/Sudan, 2004, aMun, 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 22
- Wildung, Dietrich, Naga 2004/3. Wiedergeburt eines Königs. Erste historische Ergebnisse der Naga-Grabung 2004, 2004, aMun, 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 23
- Wildung, Dietrich, Incertitudes. Les fouilles à Naqa et leurs implications historiques, 2004, Vortragsmanuskript, Meroitisten-Kongreß Paris, Sept. 2004
- Kroeper, Karla, Amun-Tempel Complex in Naga -Preliminary Report - Seasons 5-7 (1999 - 2001), Seasons 5-7. , 2006, Archéologie du Nil Moyen 10:161-170.
- Wildung, Dietrich und Karla Kroeper, Naga Royal City of Ancient Sudan, 2006
- Kroeper , Karla, The End of the Amun-Temple and beginning of Temple 200-14C dates from Naga. 2007, CRIPEL n°26: 2006-2007: 231-242.
- Kroeper, Karla, Metamorphoses of the Amun Temple in Naga, 2007, in: Acta Nubica -Proceedings of the X International Conference of Nubian Studies Rome 9-14 September 2002.: 287-295.
© Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Foto: Jürgen Liepe